Fig. 1

Metformin inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation. a Proliferation of the SiHa and HeLa cell lines with 48 h metformin treatment measured by CCK-8; b Proliferation of the SiHa and HeLa cell lines incubated with metformin at the indicated concentrations for 24, 48, and 72 h and measured by CCK-8; c Representative western blots and a bar chart showing PCNA expression in SiHa and HeLa cells treated with different concentrations of metformin for 48 h. d Apoptosis assays of the SiHa and HeLa cell lines incubated with 20 mM metformin for 48 h. e Cell cycle assays of the SiHa and HeLa cell lines incubated with 20 mM metformin for 48 h. f DDR-1 and P53 expression in SiHa and HeLa cells after 48 h treatment with metformin of different concentrations as measured by western blotting. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 3. *P < 0.05, and **P < 0.01, comparison with the 0 μM metformin treatment group