Fig. 1

The mechanism of actions whereby the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) regulates glycolysis, lactate pathway and pentose phosphate pathways in radioresistance. ADP, adenosine diphosphate; ATP,adenosine triphosphate; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase 9; G6PD,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; GLUT, glucose transporters; GSH, glutathione; GSSG, glutathione disulfide; HIF-1, hypoxia inducible factor-1; HK, hexokinase; LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A; MCT4, monocarboxylate transporter 4; NHE1, Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; ROS, reactive oxygen species