Fig. 5

ARCSP-induced cytotoxic death may be associated with the accumulation of autophagosomes. a–b Cells were treated with ARCSP (75 μM) and 3-MA (20 μM) or CQ (20 μM) for 48 h, and the level of LC3B- II/ I was detected by Western blotting. c Cells were treated with ARCSP (50 μM) and 3-MA (20 μM) or CQ (20 μM) for 14 days, and the ability of the cells to proliferate was examined by the cell colony formation assay. The histograms show the quantified results of the colony formation assay, which were calculated using ImageJ software. d-g Cells were treated with ARCSP (75 μM) and 3-MA (20 μM) or CQ (20 μM) for 48 h. d Cell viability was analyzed by the CCK8 assay. e The cell proliferation rate was measured by the EdU assay, and the cells were photographed under a fluorescence microscope. Scale bar = 50 μm. f The histograms show the quantified results of the EdU assay, which were calculated using ImageJ software. g The apoptosis index was determined by the TUNEL assay, and the cells were photographed under a fluorescence microscope. Scale bar = 50 μm. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD; ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001. ns, not significant