Fig. 2

Effects of TRPV1 overexpression and knockdown on cell proliferation and clonogenicity. a Representative images of TRPV1 and Ki67 proteins in TRPV1-overexpressed BGC823 cells and TRPV1-knockeddown MKN45 cells. b, c The summary data of TRPV1 and Ki67 protein expression in GC cells (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, vs. NC, n = 3). d mRNA levels of TRPV1 detected by qPCR in TRPV1-overexpressed BGC823 cells and TRPV1-knockeddown MKN45 cells (**P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001, vs. NC, n = 3). e GC cells proliferation in TRPV1-overexpressed BGC823 cells (left) and in TRPV1-knockeddown MKN45 cells (right) (shRNA-2 ****P < 0.0001, shRNA-1 ^####P < 0.0001 vs. NC, n = 3). f Effects of TRPV1 overexpression or capsaicin (50 μM) alone and in combination on BGC823 cells proliferation (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, n = 3). NS: no significant difference. g Effects of TRPV1 knockdown or capsaicin (50 μM) alone and in combination on MKN45 cell proliferation (*P < 0.05, n = 3). h, i Effects of TRPV1 knockdown on clonogenicity of GES-1 and MKN45 cells (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. NC, n = 3). j Effects of TRPV1 overexpression on clonogenicity of BGC823 cells (**P < 0.01 vs. NC, n = 3)