Mechanisms of hyperprogressive disease after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: what we (don’t) know

Table 3 Possible immune-mediated mechanisms of HPD involving T cells

Possible role of T lymphocytes in determining HPD. PD-1 blockade increases the expression of other immune checkpoint receptors on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or determines the upregulation of IL-10 receptor on CD8⁺ T cells, making these cells more sensitive to IL-10-mediated immune suppression. Moreover, blocking PD-1 on T_regs exacerbates their immunosuppressive properties, while anti-CTLA4 antibody promotes the proliferation of CD4+Foxp3-PD-1^high T cells, lymphocytes with immunosuppressive properties

ISSN: 1756-9966