Fig. 3

ATAD3A plays a vital role in hypoxia-induced mitophagy and sorafenib sensitivity in hepatoma cells. a Electron micrographs showing mitophagy in ATAD3A-overexpressing Huh7 cells treated with or without CoCl₂. b Immunoblot showing the expression levels of indicated proteins in empty vector and Ov-ATAD3A cells with/out CoCl₂ treatment. c, d Mito-Tracker fluorescence intensities of the indicated LM3 (c) and Huh7 (d) cells. e, f Number of colonies formed by vector and ATAD3A overexpression Huh7 cells under normal or hypoxia condition with sorafenib treatment. g, h Apoptosis rates in vector and ATAD3A overexpression LM3 cells under normal or hypoxia condition with sorafenib treatment. Annexin V and PI respectively indicate the early and late stage apoptotic cells. i Immunoblot showing expression levels of indicated proteins in Huh7-vector, Huh7-Ov-ATAD3A, LM3-vector and LM3-Ov-ATAD3A cells with/without CoCl₂ under sorafenib treatment. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01