Fig. 2

Graphical summary that explains the effects of hypoxia on key immune cellular populations in the TME. Hypoxia can influence the diverse aspects of tumor immunity. In general, Hypoxia can induce immune tolerance and immune escape by interfering with survival, migration and fuctions of effector cells, including effector T cell, NK-T cells, and NK cells, supporting immunosuppressive cells (Tregs, MDSCs, TAMs), and causing an increase in the production of immunosuppressive cytokines and a decrease in the release of effector cytokines