Fig. 1

Overview of STING signaling. STING is activated by CDNs produced by bacteria or by cGAS following binding to cytosolic DNA. Activated STING in ER contributes to translocation of STING to Golgi, where interaction with TBK1 happens via the C-terminal tail of STING. Activated TBK1 can enable the recruitment and phosphorylation of IRF3 and NF-κB, which leads to enhanced production of type I interferon and inflammatory cytokines. STING signaling also participates in other cellular process, including autophagy and different types of cell death. CDNs, cyclic dinucleotides; cGAS, cyclic GMP–AMP synthase; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1; IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB