Fig. 5

NORAD promoted EVs release via SNAP-23 phosphorylation

a, Colocalization analysis of VAMP3 (red) and SNAP23 (green) in PC-3 cells with knocked down NORAD. b, PKM2 expression and SNAP23 phosphorylation were detected by Western blot in PCa cells with altered expression of NORAD or miR-541-3p. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. PC-3 cells treated with sh-NC + inhibitor NC or 22Rv1 cells treated with vector + mimic NC; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. PC-3 cells treated with sh-NORAD + inhibitor NC or 22Rv1 cells treated with OE-NORAD + mimic NC. The measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. ANOVA was used for comparison between multiple groups with Tukey’s post-hoc test. The cell experiment was repeated 3 times