Fig. 9

A proposed scheme illustrating the distinct roles of AKT1/2 in CRC and their modulation by CTD. AKT is activated by upstream kinases. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) or PI3K stimulates AKT, thereby promoting cell proliferation and the cell cycle, preventing apoptosis. Targeting AKT with CTD exerts its potential anticancer effect to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation through the dependent or independent AKT pathway