Fig. 3

Autophagy is crucial for YAP to promote glioma progression. a Representative EdU analysis of cell proliferation in vector and YAP over-expression U251 cells with or without CQ treatment for 14 h. DAPI (blue) was used to stain nucleus and EdU (red) showed the incorporated cells. Scale bar: 200 μm. b Quantitative analysis of the EdU positive cells. c The effect of CQ treatment on cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay in the vector and YAP over-expression cells. d Schematic representation of the in vivo experimental workflow. e Representative pseudocolor bioluminescence images of each group at indicated day after implantation. f Quantitative analysis of the photon flux. g & h Representative images of HE staining of tumors derived from vector and YAP over-expression U87 cells with or without CQ treatment (g) and quantitative analysis of the tumor volume (h). i Overall survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and a log-rank test was used to assess the statistical significance of the differences (n = 8). j & k Representative images of Ki67 staining of tumors derived from vector and YAP over-expression cells with or without CQ treatment (j) and quantitative analysis of the Ki67-positive cells (k). Scale bar: 50 μm. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD of values from experiments performed in triplicate. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001