Fig. 4

Representative immunohistochemistry images of RCC patient tumour sections and adjacent normal kidney tissues stained with CSC markers CD44, CD105 and CD133. Immunohistochemistry was performed as described in Fig. 2. CD44 (abcam; ab51037): normal kidney tissue shows negative staining in glomerulus and moderate cytoplasmic staining in the tubules; while RCC tissues shows distinct membranous and moderate cytoplasmic staining. CD105 (abcam; ab169545): adjacent normal kidney tissue shows strong cytoplasmic staining in the tubules and low cytoplasmic staining in the glomerulus; RCC tissues shows an intense positive membranous staining. CD133 (abcam; ab19898): adjacent normal kidney showing negative staining; RCC tumour shows a specific membranous staining. Magnification: 40X, Scale bar: 75 μm. Representative images of n = 5 tissues for each antibody