Fig. 2

Schematic representation of Patient-derived model and their applications. Intestinal tumor sample derived from surgical resection is cut into small fragments and used for the generation of PDX and/or PDO. For the generation of the murine PDX model, the piece of the tumor is implanted subcutaneously into one or two flanks of an immunodeficient mouse. When the tumor expands, it is recovered, cut into smaller pieces, and implanted into new immunodeficient mice as recipients to generate experimental groups. To develop zPDX experimental groups, cell suspension derived from tumor patients is microinjected in zebrafish. For PDO model development, the piece of the tumor is dissociated mechanically and/or enzymatically, and the derived cells are embedded into Matrigel. PDOs can be implanted into immunodeficient mice and/or maintained in culture to generate experimental testing groups. Patient-derived models accurately reflect the patient's tumor of origin and can be exploited to generate a drug screening platform, to detect new tumor biomarkers by genomic analysis and to develop a new personalized treatment based on the patient’s genetic