Table 1 Clinical therapeutic trials for cell vaccines against PLC

Allogeneic

18

Sweden

allogeneic dendritic cell vaccine (ilixadencel)

Safety; immunological response activated against HCC

NCT01974661

[20]

Autologous

I/IIa

8/12

China

autologous fixed HCC vaccine

Safety; recurrence delay for patients with HCC after operation

–

[21]

41

China

autologous fixed HCC vaccine

Safety; recurrence rates reduced and overall survival rates improved for patients with HCC after operation

–

[22]

8

USA

bi-shRNA^furin/GM-CSF incorporated autologous HCC cell vaccine

Safety; immunological response activated against HCC and overall survival prolonged

–

[23]

-

160

China

autologous DC-tumor vaccine

Safety; recurrence and metastasis rates for postoperative HCC patients reduced; survival rates improved

–

[24]

10

Japan

autologous tumor lysates pulsed DC vaccine

Safety; antitumor efficiency probably existed against PLC: delayed type hypersensitivity induced (7/10); tumor size shrinked (1/10); serum level of tumor marker decreased (2/10)

–

[25]

31

China

autologous tumor lysates pulsed DC vaccine

Safety; HCC patients’ survival better prolonged by boosters followed DCs therapy than single DCs vaccine itself

–

[26]

36

Japan

autologous tumor lysates pulsed DC vaccine

Survival for iCCA patients prolonged; prognosis improved

UMIN000005820

[27]