Fig. 1

Characteristics of 87 CCOs. (A) Clinical features, including age, survival, tumor location, and cancer stage of the 87 patients with colorectal cancer. (B) Histology of the CCOs with 4 morphology types (R, thick-walled spherical; RM, thin-walled bubble-like; RF, compact globular; RB, budding tubular). (C) Immunohistochemical findings of CCOs that recapitulate their primary tumors. (D) Mutation profiles of the 87 CCOs. (E) Comparison of mutation frequencies between the 87 CCOs and an independent set of 832 colorectal cancers. (F) Diverse distribution of VAF in the 87 CCOs. (G) Overlap between the variants in CCOs and their primary tumors based on the top 4 most frequently mutated genes. (H) Spearman’s correlation coefficients in VAFs in each gene in organoids and primary tumors (Spearman’s correlation test). (I) Significant correlation of the VAFs in the top 4 most frequently mutated genes between DNA and RNA from the 87 CCOs (Spearman’s correlation test). (J) Significant correlation of the VAFs in top 4 most frequently mutated genes between DNA and RNA from the CCOs according to variant type (Spearman’s correlation test). CCO, colorectal cancer organoid; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; VAF, variant allele fraction; MSI, microsatellite instability