Fig. 1

Expression of NF-κB family members and phosphorylation of p65 in HCC patients. a p65 mRNA levels in normal human liver, HCC and paracancerous tissue were analysed by real-time PCR. Values are mean ± s.d. (n = 6 for normal liver, n = 10 for HCC and matched paracancerous tissues); *P < 0.05 compared with normal liver tissues, ^#P < 0.05 compared with paracancerous tissues by one-way ANOVA. b Immunohistochemical analysis of NF-κB subunits from normal human liver, HCC and matched paracancerous tissues. c Immunohistochemical analysis of phospho-NF-κB subunits in normal human liver, HCC and matched paracancerous tissues. d Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to confirm the expression of p-p65 (p-RelA) in 6 normal liver tissue samples and 24 paired HCC samples with matched paracancerous tissues. e p65 and p65 S536, p65 S276, and p65 S529 protein expression levels in normal human liver tissue, HCC and paracancerous tissue using western blotting assay. f, g p65 and p-p65 protein expression in the blood serum of healthy volunteers and HCC patients. The bottom panel shows red Ponceau (RP) staining of the PVDF membrane after transfer as a control of loading. The position and size in kilodaltons of molecular mass markers are indicated on the right. Values are mean ± SD (n = 6 in each group). P < 0.05 using Student’s t-test