Fig. 4

Created with BioRender.com. The bidirectional arrow represents the interaction between CD96 and its ligands. The thickness of the arrow represents affinity between CD96 and its common ligands. CD96 engages with its ligands CD115 and CD111 and exerts costimulatory effects in T cells by regulating the ERK and PI3K signaling pathways. However, studies have investigated whether CD96 can exert coinhibitory effects in NK cells and T cells, but the molecular changes are unknown and require further research