From: CRISPR/Cas9 revitalizes adoptive T-cell therapy for cancer immunotherapy
 | ZFN | TALEN | CRISPR |
---|---|---|---|
Recognition Site | Zinc finger proteins | RVD regions of TALE protein | Single guide RNA |
Target Sequence Length (bp†) | 9–12 | 14–20 | ~ 20 |
Nuclease | FokI nuclease | FokI nuclease | Cas9 protein |
Engineering Feasibility | Low | Higher | Highest |
Cytotoxicity | High | Moderate | Moderate |
Susceptibility to Immune Reactions | Low | Low | Moderate |
Clinical Trials Usage | Moderate | Low | High |
Enzyme Engineering | Difficult | Easy | Very easy |
Means of Recognition | Protein | Protein | RNA-DNA pairing and then protein |
Efficiency | Moderate | Moderate | High |
Specificity | Low | Moderate | High |
Multiple Gene Editing | No | Yes | Yes |
Gene Editing in Babies | No | No | Yes |
RNA Editing | No | No | Yes |
Vector Delivery | Easy due to small size | Difficult due to large size | Moderate as SpCas9 is relatively large |
Cost | Low | High | Low |