Fig. 2

Pie chart of molecule classification. Coloring is used to identify tumor type, and mechanism of action, with the inner sectors representing development stage. Drugs are classified using a hybrid of multiple components including development stage, tumor type, mechanism of action, and are bucketed as passive or active immunotherapies based on immune response activation. Passive immunotherapies include molecules expressed in low levels; they rectify deficient immune system typically used for patients with impotent immune systems. These could include the monoclonal antibodies targeting malignant cells, adoptive transfer of immune cells, adjuvants, recombinant cytokines, inhibitors of signaling pathways, delivery of cytotoxins, activators of ADCC, tumor antigen targeting, and oncolytic viruses; which typically require multiple administrations to be efficient. Active immunotherapies are designed to activate effector function of immune cells. These include activation of endogenous and long-lasting immune responses including vaccines, blockade by checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, immunomodulatory mAbs, immunostimulatory cytokine adjuvants to augment immunotherapy response, mAbs to proinflammatory cytokines, immunogenic cell death inducers such as chemotherapies, and pattern recognition receptor agonists.