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Fig. 6 | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research

Fig. 6

From: The role of the tumor microbe microenvironment in the tumor immune microenvironment: bystander, activator, or inhibitor?

Fig. 6

Modulation of the tumor microbe microenvironment acts as a combination for immune checkpoint inhibitors. The modulation strategies of the tumor microbe microenvironment include antibiotic, probiotic and synthetic biology. Microbes can role as an immune inhibitor, activator, or bystander. Adding immunostimulatory microbes or clearance of immunosuppressive microbes can enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors

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