Table 1 Functional domains of ISWI proteins
From: The emerging role of ISWI chromatin remodeling complexes in cancer
Domain | Functions |
|---|---|
ATP binding domain | ATP binding domain, an autonomous nucleosome remodeling machine, interacts with the super helical location 2 (SHL2) of the nucleosomal DNA, with the N-terminal tail of H4 and with the α1 helix of H3 |
C-terminal NegC domain | The C-terminal NegC domain is involved in binding to the core2 domain and functions as an allosteric element for ISWI to respond to the extranucleosomal DNA length |
SANT domain | SANT domain has a central role in chromatin remodeling by functioning as a unique histone-interaction module that couples histone binding to enzyme catalysis, and it is important for nucleosome sliding activity, such as the regulation of nucleosome spacing |
WAC domain | WAC domain is involved in the interaction of ACF with chromatin and the binding of other ACF-related factors to DNA |
DDT domain | DDT domain associates with the histone modifications H3K4me3 and H4K16ac and facilitates DNA binding |
Bromodomain | Bromodomain is a conserved motif, which recognizes acetylated lysine residues of histones or interacting proteins |
MBD domain | The MBD (methyl-CpG-binding) domain specifically recognizes and binds to methylated CpGs. This binding allows it to trigger methylation of H3K9 and results in transcriptional repression |
PHD-type zinc finger domain | PHD-type zinc finger domain binds specific epigenetic marks on histone tails to recruit transcription factors and nucleosome-associated complexes to chromatin. For example, it resides in the BPTF subunit of NURF, interacts directly with H3K4me3, stabilizes association of BPTF/NURF with chromatin |