Fig. 5

High PHF19 level is associated with high-risk and PHF19 transcriptional signature in MM suggests that it might regulate cell cycle progression. A and B PHF19 is expressed in all MM subtypes with higher expression levels seen in the non-hyperdiploid subgroups (X2=38, p=5.7e^-10) and HR patients defined by GEP70. Interestingly, PHF19 expression is significantly higher at relapse (t=2.8, df=34, p=0.006). C Using a logrank test we identify a PHF19 expression level of 9.65 as an optimal cut point for overall survival (OS) splitting the population into high and low PHF19 expressing groups. The OS of patients with elevated PHF19 expression is significantly shorter than patients with lower PHF19 expression (HR=2.98 (2.2-4), p=3.68e^-13. D PHF19 expression is significantly higher at relapse (t=2.8, df=34, p=0.006). E PHF19high and low groups were defined using an elbow test. F Volcano plot showing genes differentially expressed between PHF19high and PHF19low MM samples. Analysis identified 835 differentially expressed genes (DEG) (Fold change >2, FDR < 0.05), with 547 (65%) upregulated and 288 (35%) downregulated genes. G Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis of the differentially expressed genes between PHF19 high and low MM samples (Gene ontology (GO)). H Venn diagram showing the overlap of: 1- DEG between PHF19high and PHF19low MM samples, 2- Downregulated genes between PHF19-KD and PHF19-WT in MM1S cell line (i.e. genes upregulated by PHF19), 3- Upregulated genes between PHF19-overexpression (rescue) and PHF19-KD in MM1S cell line (i.e. genes upregulated by PHF19) and 4- upregulated genes between PHF19high and PHF19low MM samples. I Venn diagram showing the overlap of: 1- the 294 genes defining PHF19 signature in MM, 2- DEG between centroblasts (CB) and bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC) and 3- DEG between preplasmablasts (PrePB) and BMPC