Fig. 6
Selective in vivo anti-tumor activity of mannose. a-c FTC-133 and 8305C/sh-NC cell-derived xenograft tumors were treated with mannose (15% drinking water daily plus 20% mannose water oral gavage four times a week) or sterilized water (control) for 18 days when the tumor grew to 10–30 mm3. The xenografts derived from 8305C/sh-ZIP10 cells were similarly treated with mannose or sterilized water for 20 days when the tumor grew to 20–60 mm3. D0 is the beginning of mannose treatment. d-f Images of dissected tumors from the above groups (upper panels). The mean tumor weight in different groups was presented as box-whisker plot (lower panels). g BrafV600E transgenic mice received 20% mannose water or sterilized water by oral gavage (200 μL) every day at week 4. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid was then performed weekly to evaluate tumor burden during treatment. Left panels indicate representative ultrasound images of thyroid in mannose-treated or control mice at day 0 and day 21. Image depth: 9 mm. Focus depth: 5 mm. Ultrasonic probe: MS550D. Tumor proliferation burden were then quantified and presented in the right panel. h Left panels showing the images of dissected tumors of mannose-treated or control mice. The mean tumor weight was measured and presented as box-whisker plot (right panel). i, IHC staining of Ki-67, cyclin D, cyclin E and pCDK2 in tumor tissues form the indicated groups. Scale bar: 100 μm. The data were presented as mean ± SD. Statistically significant differences were indicated: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001