Fig. 8
A schematic model of mannose killing thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting cellular glycolysis. Mannose enters the cell and converts into mannose-6-phophate which inhibits the enzymes of glycolytic pathway, such as hexokinase and phosphoglucose isomerase, thereby hindering cellular glycolysis. However, when PMI is highly activated by ZIP10-mediated extracellular Zn2+ influx, mannose-6-phosphate can be converted into fructose-6-phosphate by PMI, promoting cellular glycolysis and malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. Thus, ZIP10 is a negative determinant for the response of thyroid cancer cells to mannose