Fig. 6

The macrophage-aPKC_ɩ-CCL5 feedback loop promotes CCA growth and metastasis in vivo. A. Schematic for macrophage depletion in human CCA cell xenografts. B. The volume (left) and representative images (right) of xenograft tumors are shown from two different groups treated with clodronate liposomes or control liposomes. C. Representative images from tumor sample serial sections stained for aPKC_ɩ, p-aPKC_ɩ and F4/80 are shown. Scale bar, 200 μm. D. Schematic for macrophage depletion in the lung metastasis models. E. The number of lung metastatic nodules was evaluated from different groups treated with or without clodronate liposomes. F. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE; left) and IHC (middle and right) were used to illustrate the expression of F4/80 and p-aPKC_ɩ in lung metastatic nodules. Scale bar, 200 μm. G. Schematic for macrophage recruitment in human CCA cell xenografts. H. The volume (upper) and representative images (bottom) of xenograft tumors are shown from three different groups as indicated. I. Representative images from xenograft tumor serial sections stained for aPKC_ɩ, CCR5, p-aPKC_ɩ and F4/80 are shown. Scale bar, 200 μm