Fig. 1

PYCR1 and PYCR2 correlate with lower overall survival in MM patients. A Survival curves for MM patients with high (red line) or low (blue line) PYCR1 or PYCR2 RNA expression (MMRF CoMMpass trial, n = 653). B PYCR1 and PYCR2 mRNA expression levels of samples taken at first diagnosis (ND, n = 49) and relapse/refractory (RR, n = 49) stage (MMRF CoMMpass trial). C Basal PYCR1 and PYCR2 expression in the CD138⁺ fraction of primary patient samples on protein level (n = 5). D) Overview of the glutamine-to-proline conversion. Created with BioRender.com. GLN = glutamine, GLU = glucose, P5C = pyrroline-5-carboxylate, PRO = proline, GS = glutamine synthase, GLS = glutaminase, P5CDH = pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, P5CS = pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase, PRODH = proline dehydrogenase, PYCR = pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, TPM = transcripts per million, ND = newly diagnosed, RR = relapsed/refractory. Significance was determined by two-tailed Wilcoxon test. * p ≤ 0.05