Fig. 6
From: Increased Drp1 promotes autophagy and ESCC progression by mtDNA stress mediated cGAS-STING pathway
Drp1 overexpression-induced cytosolic mtDNA stress is dependent on mPTP. (A) Western blot analyses were performed in ESCC cells as indicated with antibodies specific for the proteins shown.(B) Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis by Annexin V and PI staining in ESCC cells as indicated. The cells were treated with CCCP (150 mM) for 4 h before apoptosis analysis. (C) Confocal microscopy images of indicated ESCC cells stained with Picogreen (green, DNA) and MitoTracker (red, mitochondria). Scale bar: 20 μm. (D) Cytosolic mtDNA content was measured using droplet digital PCR in ESCC cells as indicated. The data shown are the mean ± SEM from three separate experiments. Drp1, expression vector encoding Drp1; EV, empty vector. siPpid, siRNAs against Ppid; siVDAC1, siRNAs against VDAC1; CsA, cyclosporin A; VBIT, VDAC1 oligomerization inhibitor VBIT-4. P value from t tests. ***, P < 0.001