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Fig. 1 | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research

Fig. 1

From: Macropinocytosis is an alternative pathway of cysteine acquisition and mitigates sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Fig. 1

Sorafenib induces macropinocytosis in human HCC tissues and HCC cells. A Images of macropinocytotic uptake of labeled TMR-dextran (red), immunofluorescence staining with anti-phosphorylated PAK1 (green), and B quantification of macropinosomes and phosphorylated PAK1 fluorescence in response to sorafenib in tumor tissues from six treatment-naïve HCC patients. C Representative images of macropinosomes (red) in sorafenib-treated liver cancer cells in the presence or absence of EIPA, an inhibitor of macropinocytosis, and D quantification of macropinosomes in the cells shown in Fig. 1C. E Representative images of DQ-BSA fluorescence (green) in sorafenib-treated liver cancer cells in the presence or absence of EIPA, and F quantification of DQ-BSA fluorescence in the cells shown in Fig. 1E. G TCGA analysis of PAK1, RAC1, and CDC42 expression in human HCC tumor (n = 369) and non-tumor tissues (n = 50). H Correlation between PAK1, RAC1, or CDC42 expression and overall survival of human HCC patients (n = 91). Data are normalized against values measured in vehicle-treated cells (Con) and expressed as the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. Scale bar, 20 µm. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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