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Fig. 7 | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research

Fig. 7

From: Adaptive antitumor immune response stimulated by bio-nanoparticle based vaccine and checkpoint blockade

Fig. 7

Hypothesized role of ASPH as a target for immunotherapy in HCC and TNBC. Immunotherapy manipulates composition and function of TLSs to reverse detrimental fate. ASPH-MYC axis upregulates PD-L1 on cancer cells and DCs. PD-1 is upregulated on exhausted TILs in immunosuppressive TME. Thus, immune cold/desert HCC and TNBC can be converted to immunogenic hot tumor (a phenotype characterized by TLS) in response to ASPH targeted immunotherapy combined with PD-L1/PD1 inhibitors, where ASPH may replace PD1/PD-L1 to serve as a surrogate biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor indication

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