Fig. 8

Anti-PD-L1 treatment enhanced CD8 T cell number and effector functions in TCh3 tumors. Flow cytometry analysis was performed for spleen controls (n = 10), or tumor-infiltrating immune cells from TCh3 VC (n = 10) and TCh3 anti-PD-L1 (n = 10) groups for all panels. TCh3 tumors were harvested on day 25 post-injection. A Representative flow plots of CD8/CD4 T cells (left) and CD8⁺ T cells producing cytokines (IFNγ/TNFα) (right) from TCh3 VC and TCh3 anti-PD-L1 groups. B Quantification of the percentage of CD11b⁺, CD4⁺, or CD8⁺ cells in CD45⁺ population (left) and frequency of the CD8⁺ T cells producing single or double cytokines (IFNγ⁺, TNFα⁺, and IFNγ⁺TNFα⁺) in response to ex vivo stimulation (right). P values are shown for Kruskal-Wallis test or Tukey’s multiple comparisons by two-way ANOVA. C Cell number count of CD8 T cells in TCh3 vs. TCh3 anti-PD-L1 group. Cell count of different CD8 populations present per gram of tumor tissue. Total CD8 (top left), IFN-γ⁺ in CD8 (top right), double IFNγ⁺/TNFα⁺ in CD8 (bottom left) and Granzyme B⁺ (GZB) in CD8 (bottom right). Statistical significance is calculated with unpaired two-tailed t test. Error bars represent the SEM