Acylations | Writers | Readers | Erasers | Metabolites sources | Functions | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kcr | P300/CBP; GNATs(PCAF);MYSTs(MOF,KAT6A, HBO1, Tip60) | YEATS domain(AF9;Taf 14;YEATS2;ENL) DPF domain(DPF2, MOZ, TAF1) | HDAC1–3; SIRT1–3 | Crotonyl-CoA; crotonate | Activate transcription | [28] |
Regulate spermatogenesis | ||||||
Regulate DNA damage response | ||||||
Ensures accurate spindle positioning | [33] | |||||
Protect renal function | [34] | |||||
Ameliorate depression | [35] | |||||
Reactivate latent HIV | [36] | |||||
Facilitate telomere maintenance and differentiation of stem cells | ||||||
Kla | P300 | NA | NA | Lactyl-CoA; LGSH | Activate transcription | [39] |
Facilitate cell reprogramming | [39] | |||||
Foster lung fibrosis | [40] | |||||
Promote M1-M2 polarization | ||||||
Ksucc | GNATs(GCN5,HAT1);CPT1A; KGDHC | YEATS domain(GAS41) | SIRT5; SIRT7 | Succinyl-CoA; Succinate | Activate transcription | |
Impair mitochondria respiration, mitophagy and metabolic flexibility | [44] | |||||
Deter neuro filaments aggression in AD | ||||||
Exacerbate hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and ischemia-perfusion injury | ||||||
Kpr | P300/CBP; GNATs(GCN5,PCAF); MYSTs(MOF, MOZ, HBO1) | Bromodomain(BRD4,BRPF1); YEATS domain | SIRT1–3 | Propionyl-CoA; propionate | Activate transcription | |
Facilitate protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases | [56] | |||||
Kbu | P300/CBP; HBO1 | Bromodomain(BRD4,BRD9,CECR2,TAF1,Brdt,BRPF1);YEATS domain | SIRT1–3 | Butyryl-CoA; butyrate | Activate transcription | |
Promote spermatogenesis | [58] | |||||
Kma | NA | NA | SIRT2; SIRT5 | Malonyl-CoA; malonate | Facilitate inflammation | [59] |
Involve in malonic aciduria, diabetes-induced NTDs and OA | ||||||
Kglu | P300; GNATS(GCN5) | NA | SIRT5; SIRT7 | Glutaryl-CoA; Glutarate | Activate transcription | |
Destabilize nucleosome structure | [64] | |||||
Involve in GA1 disease | [65] | |||||
Maintain sperm motility | [66] | |||||
Khib | P300; MYSTs(ESa1p,Tip60) | NA | HDAC1–3; Rpd3p;Hos3p;CobB | 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA;2-hydroxyisobutyrate | Activate transcription | [26] |
Promote spermatogenesis | [26] | |||||
Kbhb | P300 | NA | SIRT3;HDAC1–3 | β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA;β-hydroxybutyrate | Activate transcription | [27] |
Promote memory development of CD8+ Tmem cells | [67] | |||||
Antagonize glomerulosclerosis induced by diabetes | [68] | |||||
Alleviate depressive behaviors | [69] |