Fig. 4

Rad18 knockout reduces the efficiency of HR-mediated DNA damage repair. A KEGG enrichment analysis and B GSEA analysis of WT and Rad18 knock-out 143B cells. C Representative images of the comet assay in WT and Rad18 knock-out 143B cells. Scale bar =50 μm. D Quantification of TailDNA%, TailMoment and Tail length of the described comet assay(C). E Immunofluorescence staining of WT and Rad18 knock-out 143B cells with γ-H2AX and Rad18 antibodies. Scale bar =10 μm. F Western blot analysis of γ-H2AX and Rad18 in WT and Rad18 knock-out 143B cells with 5 μM doxorubicin treatment for 0 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. G Diagram of HR reporter construction. H and I Representative fluorescent images of OS cells transfected with HR reporter, and relative HR efficiencies were calculated. Scale bar =100 μm