Fig. 7

IL-32 promotes M2 macrophage polarization in the primary tumor microenvironment. A, B Unpolarized MDMs (1 × 10⁶/mouse) and tumor cells (1 × 10⁶/mouse) were subcutaneously injected into nude mice on the right back for 3 days. Phenotypic analysis of M2 macrophages (Anti-human CD45⁺CD14⁺CD206⁺) was performed by flow cytometry. (n = 3). C, D Tumor growth curves and tumor weight showed that IL-32 promoted tumor growth in subcutaneous tumor-bearing mouse model with KYSE150 vector and KYSE150 IL-32β cells (n = 5). E Intratumoral macrophages were defined as CD45⁺F4/80⁺CD11b⁺ and the proportion was showed (n = 5). F The percentage of CD206⁺ macrophages was significantly higher in KYSE150 IL-32β group, which was defined as CD45⁺F4/80⁺CD11b⁺CD206⁺ (n = 5). G, H Tumor growth curves and tumor weight showed that knockdown IL-32 inhibited tumor growth in subcutaneous tumor-bearing mouse model with EC109 shNC and EC109 shIL-32 cells (n = 4). I Intratumoral macrophages were defined as CD45⁺F4/80⁺CD11b⁺ and the proportion was showed (n = 4). J The percentage of CD206⁺ macrophages was significantly higher in EC109 shNC group, which was defined as CD45⁺F4/80⁺CD11b⁺CD206⁺ (n = 4). Data are represented as means ± SEM. Student’s t-test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001