Fig. 2

ISP I suppresses tumor growth and reduces lung metastases. A Dose–response curve of cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay in five glioblastoma cell lines (T98G, U118, A172, LN229, and U251) treated with ISP I for 48 h. B IC50 values for the ISP I-treated glioblastoma cells. C and D Cell-cycle (C) and Annexin-V apoptosis (D) analysis in ISP I-treated LN229 cells and U251 cells. Cells were treated with ISP I for 6 h (C) and 48 h (D), separately. Summarized results from 4 independent wells are shown. E The schematic outline of the glioblastoma (LN229-luc) xenograft mouse model experiment. NSG mice were randomized into 2 treatment groups: DMSO (Control) (N = 8) and ISP I (N = 8). F Bioluminescence imaging was used to follow tumor progression. The luminescence signal demonstrated reduced tumor burden in the ISP I treatment arm compared to the DMSO treatment arm. ***p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA. G Representative bioluminescence imaging of LN229-bearing mice. Three mice in the ISP I treatment arm demonstrated complete regression of tumor 24 days after the start of treatment. H The schematic outline of the melanoma (B16) lung metastasis mouse model experiment. C57BL/6 mice were randomized into 2 treatment groups: saline (Control) (N = 9) and ISP I (N = 9). I Representative lungs of mice corresponding to the ISP I and saline treatment arms. J Quantification of lung tumor nodules. All data are shown as mean ± SEM. P value: *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001