Fig. 5

The isolated CD3⁺ T cells were co-cultured with K7M2 cells that were pretreated with indicated treatment for 4 h. After 72 h, the Th cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺) and CTLs (CD3⁺CD8⁺) proportions in the co-culture system were determined by flow cytometry (A-B). The isolated CD3⁺ T cells were co-cultured with K7M2 cells that were pretreated with different formulations for 24 h. After 72 h, the Th cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺) and CTLs (CD3⁺CD8⁺) proportions in the co-culture system were determined by flow cytometry (C-D). Graphic scheme of treated K7M2 co-cultured with Th cells (E) and CTLs (F). (G-H) Measurement of TNF-α and IL-2 levels in the medium of each group. The concentrations of Kyn in the medium were measured following treating K7M2 (K) and MG63 (L) cells with indicated formulation. Change in Kyn concentrations of K7M2 (M) and MG63 (N) cells when treated with or without IFN-γ. The isolated CD3⁺ T cells were co-cultured with MDSCs cells (M-MDSCs: G-MDSCs, 1:2) that were pretreated for 24 h with different formulations. After 72 h, the CTLs proportions in the co-culture system were determined by flow cytometry (O-P). Measurement of TNF-α (Q) and IL-2 (R) levels in the medium of each group. (n = 3, *P < 0.01 ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001)