Fig. 2

Potent effector function of CD38-CAR T cells against WM and MCL in vitro. A CD38 expression in WM (RPCI-WM1) and MCL (JeKo-1, Granta-519, and SP-53) cell lines by flow cytometry. B The cytotoxic activity of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ CD38-CAR T cells. T cells were co-cultured with WM and MCL cells and K562 (negative control) with stably expressed fLuc for 4 and 20 h, respectively, at various effector (E):target (T) ratios. C Evaluation of CD107a expression by flow cytometry. Effector cells were co-cultured with target cells for 6 h at 2:1 E:T ratio. D Proliferation assessed by absolute cell number and CellTrace™ far-red proliferation dilution after 5 days of co-culture of effector and target cells. Assays were performed with effector cells and irradiated target cells at 1:2 E:T ratio without the addition of exogenous cytokines. E Secretion of IL-2, IFN- γ, TNF-α, and perforin from effector cells by ELISA. Assays were performed using supernatants obtained after a 20-h co-culture of effector and target cells at a 2:1 E:T ratio