Fig. 1

SH3GLB1 and OXPHOS-related genes are associated with recurrent GBM. A Eight altered mitochondria-related genes were revealed to have similar and significant trend by crossing data from the PCR Array and the CGGA database. B Their corresponding expression with SOD2 in GBM cohort of the CGGA database is illustrated in scatter plots in the left panel (SLC25A5 is not illustrated, p = 0.310). The levels of SOD2 and SH3GLB1 according to recurrent or primary GBM were shown in box plot in the right panel with statistical evaluation. C Expression of SH3GLB1 in the paired primary- and recurrent-tissues was revealed using IHC staining. Two in nine cases are represented here with the remaining shown in Supplementary Fig. S1C (D) The Kaplan–Meier graph of the SH3GLB1 gene expression that was higher or lower than the median level in the GBM dataset from the CGGA database. E Ingenuity pathway analysis results of the 14 paired recurrent versus treatment-naïve glioma RNA-seq dataset. The heatmap showed selected pathways that are related to mitochondria-based functions in the “Molecular and Cellular Functions” category. Note that two grade III diseases and two having IDH1 mutations were among the samples