Table 1 Hypoxia-regulated ncRNAs and their roles during cancer progression

miRNA-210

Up-regulated

HIF-1α/HIF-2α/p53/NF-κB/Oct-4/PPARγ-dependent transcriptional regulation; epigenetic modification

Promote multiple aspects of tumor growth

Multiple cancer types

[17,18,19]

lncRNA H19

Up-regulated

HIF-1α dependent transcriptional regulation affected by SP1 or PTEN

Promote proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis

Multiple cancer types

[20, 21]

lncRNA MALAT1

Up-regulated

HIF-1α dependent transcriptional regulation, HIF-1α dependent histone demethylation, chromatin looping

Promote cellular proliferation rates, EMT, and metastasis

Multiple cancer types

[22,23,24]

lncRNA NEAT1

Up-regulated

HIF-1α/HIF-2α dependent transcriptional regulation

Induce paraspeckle formation and accelerate cell proliferation

Multiple cancer types

[25,26,27]

lncRNA HOTAIR

Up-regulated

HIF-1α dependent transcriptional regulation affected by coactivator CBP/p300 or MLL1

Enhance cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion

Multiple cancer types

[28,29,30]

circRNA DENND4C

Up-regulated

HIF-1α dependent transcriptional regulation

Promote proliferation, migration, and glycolysis

Breast cancer, colorectal cancer

[31,32,33]

circRNA WSB1

Up-regulated

HIF-1α dependent transcriptional regulation

Promote proliferation

Breast cancer

[34]

lncRNA HAS2-AS1

Up-regulated

HIF-1α/NF-κB dependent transcriptional regulation

Promote EMT and invasiveness

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

[35]

lincRNA-p21

Up-regulated

HIF-1α dependent transcriptional regulation

Modulate the Warburg effect

Cervical cancer

[36]

circRNA MAT2B

Up-regulated

HIF-1α dependent transcriptional regulation

Facilitate glycolysis and proliferation

Gastric cancer

[37]

lncRNA PVT1

Up-regulated

HIF-1α dependent transcriptional regulation

Promote proliferation, migration, and invasion

Pancreatic cancer

[38]

circRNA ZNF91

Up-regulated

HIF-1α dependent transcriptional regulation

Enhance glycolysis and chemoresistance

Pancreatic cancer

[39]

lncRNA BCRT1

Up-regulated

HIF-1α dependent transcriptional regulation

Promote proliferation and metastasis

Breast cancer

[40]

lncRNA RAB11B-AS1

Up-regulated

HIF-2α dependent transcriptional regulation

Promote angiogenesis and metastasis

Breast cancer

[41]

lncRNA SARCC

Down-regulated

HIF-2α dependent transcriptional regulation

Suppress cell proliferation

Renal cell carcinoma

[42]

lncRNA-LET

Down-regulated

HIF-1α dependent histone deacetylation

Promote metastasis

Hepatocellular carcinomas, colorectal cancer, squamous-cell lung carcinoma

[43]

lncRNA CF129

Down-regulated

HIF-1α dependent histone deacetylation

Inhibit proliferation and invasion

Pancreatic cancer

[44]

lncRNA WT1-AS

Up-regulated

HIF-1α dependent DNA demethylation

Regulate developmental gene

Myeloid Leukemia

[45]

miRNA-424

Up-regulated

PU.1 dependent transcriptional regulation

Promote angiogenesis

Ovarian cancer

[46]

lncRNA LASTR

Up-regulated

c-JUN dependent transcriptional regulation

Foster cancer cell fitness

Triple-negative breast cancer

[47]

miRNA-148a

Down-regulated

hypermethylation of CpG islands

Promote metastasis

Multiple cancer types

[48]

miRNA-34b/c

Down-regulated

hypermethylation of CpG islands

Promote metastasis

Multiple cancer types

[48, 49]