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Table 3 Selected clinical trials assessing PARP inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer

From: Heterogeneity of triple negative breast cancer: Current advances in subtyping and treatment implications

Trial

Target

Treatment vs. control arm

Phase

Setting

Key results

(Treatment vs. control)

PARP inhibitors targeting germline BRCA-mutated tumors

OlympiAD [132]

PARP inhibition

(olaparib)

Olaparib

vs. Chemotherapy (physician’s choice)

III

Metastatic

Her2-

PFS 7.0 vs. 4.2 months

HR 0.58 (95%CI 0.43–0.80; P < 0.001)

EMBRACA [133]

PARP inhibition

(talazoparib)

Talazoparib

vs

Chemotherapy (physician’s choice)

III

Metastatic

Her2-

PFS 8.6 vs. 5.6 months

HR 0.54 (95%CI 0.41–0.71; P < 0.001)

BROCADE 3 [134, 135]

PARP inhibition

(veliparib)

Veliparib + chemotherapy

vs

Placebo + chemotherapy

III

Metastatic

Her2-

PFS 14.5 months vs. 12.6 months

HR 0.71 (95%CI 0.57–0.88; P = 0.002)

For veliparib vs. placebo as a maintenance monotherapy

PFS 25.7 months vs. 14.6 months

HR 0.49 (95%CI 0.34–0.73; P < 0.001)

OlympiA [136]

PARP inhibition

(olaparib)

Olaparib vs. Placebo

III

Adjuvant

Her2-

3-year iDFS 85.9% vs. 77.1%

HR 0.58 (95%CI 0.41–0.82; P < 0.001)

PARP inhibitors targets beyond germline BRCA-mutated tumors

TBCRC048 [137]

PARP inhibition

(olaparib)

Olaparib

II

Metastatic breast cancer

Cohort (1): germline mutations in non-BRCA1/2

homologous repair-related genes

Cohort (2): somatic mutations in non-BRCA1/2

homologous repair-related genes or somatic BRCA1/2

Objective response rate 82% among germline PALB2

Objective response rate 50% among somatic BRCA1/2 (primary endpoint met if objective response rate > 20%)

SWOG S1416 [138]

PARP inhibition

(veliparib)

Veliparib + cisplatin vs. Placebo + cisplatin

II

Metastatic TNBC

PFS 5.7 months vs. 4.3 months HR 0.58, P = 0.02 among high HRD tumors

  1. Abbreviations: PFS progression free survival, iDFS invasive disease-free survival, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, TNBC triple negative breast cancer