Fig. 2

MDHDH inhibited the malignant phenotypes of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. A U87 and U251 cells were transfected with the indicated plasmid constructs, and GBM cell line viability was examined by CCK-8 assay (left panel: U87 cell line, right panel: U251 cell line). B U87 and U251 cell proliferation was determined by an EdU staining assay. Positive cells in 5 random fields were counted (Student’s t test; scale bar = 200 μm). C Migration and invasion of the transfected U87 and U251 cell lines (NC and OE MDHDH) were determined by transwell assay. Stained images were counted after 12 h of seeding (Student’s t test; scale bar = 100 μm; column means of triplicate assays). D Cell migratory capability assessed by wound healing assay in GBM cell lines transfected with OE-MDHDH or control vector (as a negative control). Phase-contrast images were acquired at 12 h after scratching. The corresponding data relative to the indicated time courses are shown in the graph (right panel, Student’s t test; scale bar = 200 μm; column means of triplicate assays). E Representative images and total flux of nude mice 7 days and 14 days after intracranial implantation of the luciferase-tagged U87 cells transfected with MDHDH or control plasmid by IVIS spectrum. The survival curves of the nude mice with intracranially xenografted tumors were recorded for 15 days. (n.s., not significant; *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001)