From: Insights into the tumor microenvironment of B cell lymphoma
Immune cells | Role | Markers |
---|---|---|
Tfh cells | - formation and maintenance of GCs - promote clonal selection and affinity maturation of GC B cells | CD4+, CXCR5+, PD1+, ICOS+ |
Treg cells | - prevent autoimmunity by suppressing immune response activation and promoting tolerance towards self-antigens - suppress tumor immunity leading to immune escape | CD4+, CD25+, FoxP3+, CD127- |
Effector CD8+ T cells | Highly cytotoxic against transformed and virus-infected cells | CD8+, CD45RA+, CD45RO-, CCR7+, CD28+, IFN- γ+, IL-2+ |
TAMs | M1 – anti-tumorigenic M2 – pro-tumorigenic: i) suppress antitumor immunity by inhibiting the recruitment and activation of T cells; ii) serve as metastasis promoters | M1: CD80+, CD86+, CD64+, CD16+, CD32+ M2: CD163+, CD206+, CD204+ |
MDSCs | - enhance tumorigenesis by enhancing migratory capacity, autocrine growth factor-induced signaling and increasing levels of secretory molecules | HLA-DR-, CD14+, CD11b+, CD33+, S100A9+, |
CAFs | - enhance stiffening of ECM, angiogenesis, and cancer cell invasion - promote an immune suppressive TME | PDGFRA+, PDGFRB+, FSP-1/S100A4+ and FAP+ |
NK cells | - prevention of infection and tumor growth | CD56dim CD16bright (90%) CD56bright CD16dim (10%) |
ILCs | - regulate tissue homeostasis, inflammation, tumor surveillance and tumorigenesis | CD45+, CD127+, CD161+/-, HLA-DR+, CD56+/-, CD11b-, CD11c+/-, CD19- |