Fig. 2

CRC-CDEs promote tip cell formation of HUVECs. a Western blot detection of CD34, integrin β1, and VEGFA in lysis of HUVECs cultured with HCT116-Exo and SW480-Exo after 48 h, GAPDH was the internal control of whole-cell lysates. The PBS group was a negative control. b Confocal microscopy image of CD34-immunofluorescence in HUVECs cultured with HCT116-Exo and SW480-Exo after 48 h. Scale bars = 10 μm and 20 μm. The intensity of CD34 (right) was measured by Zeiss Zen software. Mean ± SEM. Student's t-test, 0.001 < ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. HUVECs incubated with PBS were used as a negative control. c CD34 expression in CRC was analyzed from the data of GSE71187, 87211, 25071, and 39582. Statistical significance was calculated by Student's t-test and Wilcoxon. d CD34 expression in the different stages of lymph node metastasis (N0, N1, N2, N3) and distant metastasis (M0, M1) were analyzed from the data of GSE39582. Statistical significance was calculated by Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon. e The OS and RFS of CD34 in CRC were analyzed from the data of GSE39582. Log-rank test was used to estimate the significance. All data of GSE71187, 87211, 25071, and 39582 were reanalyzed using the BEST (https://rookieutopia.com/)