Fig. 9

Nanoparticle-encapsulated CYP19A1 siRNA synergizes with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. A and B CYP19A1 protein level in orthotopic and subcutaneous colon tumor tissues. C Intratumoral estradiol level. D Representative ex vivo images of colon with an orthotopic tumor in the cecum. E Average orthotopic tumor weight. F Photographs of excised subcutaneous MC38 tumors. G Tumor growth curves in subcutaneous MC38 tumor-bearing mice. H Average subcutaneous tumor weight. I Representative immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of CD8 and double staining for CD8 (red) and IFNγ (green) or GzmB (green) and their quantitative analyses in the MC38 tumors. Scale bar, 20 μm. J The level of PD-L1 protein in the tumor cells. K Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) -1α mRNA level. L Representative immunofluorescence staining and frequency of CD31 (red) and αSMA (green) in the MC38 tumor tissues. Scale bar, 50 μm. The values are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean, n = 6. ^*, P < 0.05; ^**, P < 0.01 vs. si-Scram. ^##, P < 0.01 vs. α-PD-1