Fig. 6

Combination of V-aCD3^Mu and ICI leads to increased levels of activated and memory T cells. Data are from flow cytometry on 40 C57BL/6 mice with B16-F10 tumors which were sacrificed on day 14 after tumor injection. The mice received either PBS, V-aCD3^Mu*, PBS + aCTLA-4, or V-aCD3^Mu* + aCTLA-4 on day 6, 9, 11, and 13 after cancer cell injection in two separate experiments with 20 mice in each. A Flow cytometry showing total number of splenic CD8 + and CD4 + T cells that were CD69 + , CD44^hi, or CD25 + (CD25 + FoxP3 + for Tregs). B Relative change in % of CD8 + and CD4 + tumor-infiltrating T cells (CD69 + /CD44^hi/CD25 + /CD25 + FoxP3 +) in comparison to the PBS group. The mean is displayed. C Correlation between tumor size and the percentage of CD8 + CD69 + cells of all live single cells from the spleen evaluated by simple linear regression (p = 0.0003). D Cytokine concentrations from serum measured in an MSD V-plex assay. Statistics from A and B are done using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test for comparison of treatment groups to PBS group. Statistics from (D) are performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test