Table 1 Pancreatic cancer stem cell markers, the associated pathways and their effect on tumor progression
From: Pancreatic cancer stemness: dynamic status in malignant progression
Name | Functions on PC and major associated signaling pathways |
|---|---|
Cell surface markers | |
 CD24 | JADE dependent AKT/mTOR pathway; SHH pathway |
 CD44 | JADE dependent AKT/mTOR pathway; SHH pathway; SPP1/CD44 pathway; CD44/ITGB1 pathway; Wnt pathway; |
 ESA/EpCAM | SHH pathway; Wnt pathway |
 CD133 | CCL21/CCR7 axis |
 CXCR4 | SDF-1/CXCR4 axis |
 nestin | TGFβ/SMAD4 pathway |
 c-MET | YAP/HIF-1α axis |
 NANOG | Wnt pathway; NOTCH pathway; SHH pathway |
 OCT4 | SHH pathway; Wnt pathway; NOTCH pathway |
 NOTCH1 | NOTCH1/Jagged1/Hes1 axis |
 SOX2 | FGFR/AKT/SOX2 axis |
 Tspan8 | SHH pathway |
 α6β4 | Form hemidesmosomes |
 DCLK1 | Regulate miRNAs; Histone modification |
 CD9 | Modulate glutamin metabolism |
 GLRX3 | Met/PI3K/AKT; Combine with CA19-9 increase the sensitivity of diagnosis |
Side population and drug efflux markers | |
 ABCB1 | Not reported |
 ABCG2 | ERK1/2/HIF-1α axis |
 CD31 | Not reported |
 CD45 | Not reported |
Intracellular markers | |
 ALDH1 | Wnt |
 LGR5 | Not reported |