Fig. 5

GDF15 expressed in the BM of AML in vivo. a ELISA analysis of GDF15 levels in the BM aspirates of the controls (n = 11) and treatment-naïve AML-CR (n = 9) and AML-refractory patients (n = 8) *** p < 0.001vs the control group. b Examples of immunohistochemistry for GDF15 in the BM sections of the normal control and the primary AML patient. Both images are at a magnification of 400×. c Immunohistochemistry identifies cells that express FAP (arrows) and GDF15 (arrowheads) in the AML patients. GDF15 could also be detected in the leukemia cells (triangle). The images on the left are at a magnification of 400× and on the right are at a magnification of 1000×