Fig. 5From: Ibrutinib, a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exhibits antitumoral activity and induces autophagy in glioblastomaInhibition of autophagy enhances the antitumor efficacy of ibrutinib in LN229 and U87 cells. (a) GBM cells were incubated with or without the autophagy inhibitor 3MA (2 mM) for 1 h, and then treated with various concentrations of ibrutinib for 24 h. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK8 assay. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, compared with the control (no treatment). (b) The cells were treated with ibrutinib in the presence or absence of small interfering RNA (si-Atg7). Atg7 and LC3A/B levels were then determined by western blotting. (c) LN229 and U87 cells were treated with ibrutinib with or without a prior 24-h transfection with si-Atg7. CCK8 assay was then used to analyze cell viability; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. (d) Flow cytometry analysis of cell death. The data are shown as the mean ± SEM. The experiments were performed in triplicate; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.01Back to article page