Fig. 1

CPZ induces ER stress and activates UPR response. qRT-PCR determinations of the ER stress- and UPR-related genes HSPA5, ATF6, XBP1 [either unspliced (u-XBP1) or spliced (s-XBP1)] and ATF4 in T98G, U-87 MG and U-251 MG anchorage-dependent GBM cells (A); TS#1, TS#83 and TS#163 neurospheres (B) and RPE-1 non-cancer cells (C). Statistical significance is referred toward the respective control (CTL) (*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001)