Table 3 Signalling Pathways involved in Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer
No. | Pathway | Function | Study Model | Main Findings | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In-vitro | ||||||
| Â | No. of cell line(s) | No. of clinical samples | Â | |||
1. | E-cadherin/ Wnt/ EMT | Inter-cellular adhesion, cell proliferation, migration and metastasis |  | 13 | • ↓ junctional proteins • ↑ C-Src and downstream targets | [53] |
2. |  | 19 | • ↑ Wnt2 and cytoplasmic/ nuclear β-catenin➔ ↑ T stage and lymph node metastasis | [79] | ||
3. | p53 | Cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis |  | 21 | • ↑ aggressive phenotype, pleomorphic cells, Ki-67 and p53 | [18] |
4. | Notch | Proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis | 1 |  | • ↑ Notch-1 in E-cadherin-deficient cells➔ ↑ Bcl-2➔ ↑ apoptosis resistance | [58] |
In-vivo | ||||||
1. | Junctional-complex proteins | Inter-cellular adhesion | 11 CDH1 +/− mice | • ↓ E-cadherin (> 50% compared with normal epithelial cells) • ↓ junctional proteins | [80] | |