Fig. 3

High-dose loratadine promoted the crosstalk between apoptosis and pyroptosis. A Evident balloon-like morphological changes were noted with red arrows in different cell lines treated with H-loratadine. B Cell growth was examined by colony formation in lung cancer cell lines treated with H-loratadine and combined with a GSDMD inhibitor. C to F Flow cytometry analysis of inhibitor-treated A549 cells stained with Annexin V-FITC and PI. The percentage of double-positive cells was presumably pyroptotic cells. G-K A549, PC9, and NCI-H1299 cells were treated with different doses of loratadine. The indicated proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Dose-dependent cleavage of caspases, p53, p21, bax, PARP, GSDMD and GSDME was demonstrated. GSDMD-FL, full-length GSDMD; GSDMD-N, GSDMD N-terminal domain. GSDME-FL, full-length GSDME; GSDME-N, GSDME N-terminal domain. L Release from A549 cells treated with H-loratadine. Each column represents the mean value of three biological replicates, and error bars indicate SD. ***p < 0.001